learning english

Nama   : Izmi istiana

Kelas   : 4ea18

Npm    : 13211768

Experience learning English in school

               Starting from the time primary school  from class I to class III yet dapet English lessons, new in my balls dapet fourth grade English class. I really do not like the English lesson. Karna difficult and elusive apalgi if I could not speak English use. I go to school at SDN bojong Rawalumbu bekasi VI.

               Primary school me lazy all the time when English class taste just want to skip if there is a lesson. The added his stern teacher makes me lazy to go to class. If it is a lesson english FAQ I started degdekan. Pray and hope that my name was not called. Actually cool to learn English if understood.

               From elementary school through high school my first daily test if there is always sitting in the back in order to cheat to friends. Because if it does not get caught sitting behind the teacher if cheating. Fortunately my friends kind enough to give me cheating and mengjarkan English. At the time of daily test I always wanted to sit with a friend who clever English.

               I do not like it when there rote or conversational English. The first hard ngafalnya and that the two speak the language inggrisya difficult. Indonesian afalan sometimes difficult to know by heart I wrote let alone English. Facing the first high school national exam I started studying hard and mean - really because I thought that the national exam can not cheat. So I studied hard to pass and medapat satisfactory value.

               Starting was entering middle school to high school end of the country to be a test of English language support, malui of the test that I think is very important lah basaha learn English. And I studied and tried to understand peajaran English. The high school in the socialization of the love of the English language it's important to work because English is now the international language. So obligated to speak Inngris. So, how important it is now to speak English. This is my experience of learning English.

softkill bahasa inggris

Nama                   : Izmi istiana

Kelas          : 4ea18

Npm           : 1321178

Softslkill bahasa inggris

Junk food

Junk food nowadays is considered a normal eating venture. People are not just eating out on special occasions or weekends anymore. It means that all the time they mostly eat fast foods. However is fast food good for health?

Junk food has its popularity in the 1940’s. Within a few years, fast-food operations popped up everywhere. With the compelling rise in fast-food restaurants since the 1940’s, oddly it started the rise in obesity and cancer during that same time period.

Junk food is highly processed with a wide array of additives. To ensure fast food’s low cost, the fast food products are made with highly-processed ingredients to give it shelf-life, to hold consistency, and to enhance flavor. Fast food is altered from its original healthy form.

It is not the calories in fast food which damage health and waistline. It is the chemical additives such as aspartame and MSG (monosodium glutamate). Studies show that the chemical additives lead to weight and disease issues.So, there is absolutely nothing nutritional about fast food. Fast food simply feeds hunger and craving.

Junk food is identical with fast food. This type of food is generally consumed by urban residents who have limited time so that they choose to consume this food that does not need to wait for a long time to eat. Junk food is kind of food that is not advisable to be consumed too often because this type of food is lack of nutritional value but it contains high enough calories, fat, and sugar.

Junk food has become part of people’s life in the urban areas that are very busy with the activity of work. Junk food includes a hamburger, hot dogs, French fries, carbonated drink, candy and various types of cake that use an artificial sweetener.

Too often consuming junk food can cause bad impacts for your health. The low nutritional content as well as the high calories conceived by junk food can trigger various diseases. The most possible impact of too much consuming junk food is obesity. Besides, junk food can also increase the risk of diabetes, a heart attack, as well as hypertension.

A study carried out by the University of Minnesota School of Public Health, researched the harmful effects of junk food. This research obtain the conclusion that eating fast food twice or more in a week have the possibility of 27 percent larger to develop diabetes and 56 percent die because of diseases of the heart, compared to participants who seldom or never eat fast food. Even the participants that are known eat fast food four times or more in a week, have the risk of death from a heart attack which increase to 80 percent. Western people are fond of consuming junk food so that their insulin hormone remains high the rest of the day. This case can lead to metabolic processes in the body to be disrupted as well as raising the risk of diabetes type 2.

 The women who are pregnant should avoid eating junk food. Eating junk food is not only bad herself but also for the baby. The baby will be so vulnerable to diabetes and hypertension. Besides, a number of studies in china revealed that the rate of breast cancer in the country has increased due to the modern lifestyle that people consume junk food too often.

Furthermore, a research from the University of Adelaide shows that eating full of junk food for children will make their IQ two points lower than a child who does not eat much junk food. Even though the IQ difference is not so subtle, this study proves that children’s way of eating at age of 6 to 24 months give small but significant effects on their IQ when they reach eight years old. Therefore, it is important for parents to consider the long-term impact of food that is given to their children. In addition, some junk foods have the addictive substances as well as containing an artificial sweetener. These substances will make a child become more hyper and easily distracted. This will cause the child, especially a male, to like fighting.

Although junk foods taste good and can be obtained easily and quickly, it has enough risk to health so that you are advised not to consume this kind of food too often. It will be better if we include green vegetables and fruits to consume. A study conducted by the University of Leicester found that green vegetables and fruits are able to reduce the risk of diabetes type 2 until 14 percent.

effects of eating junk food problems in the digestive system For the junk food addicts , they would be at risk of digestive disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) and irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) . As we know that junk food contains more calories than nutritional value . When we consume junk food is fried, oil content will be stored in the wall of the stomach lining . This can increase acid production .

Then spices in it can irritate the stomach lining , which can exacerbate the risk of GERD and digestive disorders . Lack of fiber in the womb junk food can inhibit digestion , increases problems such as constipation and hemorrhoids .

               Other effects of junk food Fatigue and weakness. Junk food does not have a number of essential nutrients necessary for health maintenance and functioning of all systems in the body as a whole such as proteins and vitamins . Although these foods can make the stomach feel full and satisfied , but he failed to provide instant energy intake . So that makes the body feel weak and tired while after taking it. If the body only absorbs all kinds of food are classified as junk food for a certain period of time , then it can lead to chronic fatigue . Junk food can lower the body's energy level to a level that may make it difficult or even body can not perform daily routines. 

               Tips to Avoid Junk FoodWell here are some tips to avoid junk food:

a.       Consuming brown rice instead of white rice, because brown rice contains more fiber is believed that besides being able to make a full stomach, but also provides adequate nutrition for the body.

b.      Consuming wheat / oats, the grain has a lot of fiber, protein, good fatty acids, plant chemicals, vitamins, and minerals such as copper, iron, zinc and magnesium which makes a more perfect breakfast.

c.       Consuming fruits and avoid the juice packaging, this is due to packaging juice contains a lot of preservatives and chemicals that make it unhealthy. Moreover, to make a very smooth texture juice, all parts of which are rich in fiber are removed during processing. So, when drinking bottled juice, it means that we increase the intake of sugar in the body. Instead, substitute fruit juice with fresh fruits intact. They will increase the intake of fiber with the added benefit of vitamins.

d.      Consuming leafy vegetables such as spinach, lettuce included in high-fiber foods will help reduce blood sugar levels. Make sure you include at least one portion that is rich in protein, either dal, beans, eggs or fish into the daily menu.

Referensi :

http://halosehat.com/makanan/makanan-berbahaya/bahaya-junk-food-bagi-kesehatan

http://www.caramudahbelajarbahasainggris.net/2015/03/contoh-analytical-exposition-  text-tentang-junk-food-dan-artinya.html

passive tense

Nama  : Izmi istiana

Kelas   : 4ea18

NPM   : 13211768

TUGAS BAHASA INNGRIS 2

Passive sentences

In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]

Rumus Passive Voice

1. Passive Voice [Simple Present Tense]

-Pattern = Subject + to be + Verb3

Example :

They buy a book everyday [active]

A book is bought buy them [passive]

2. Passive Voice [Present Continous Tense]

-Pattern = Subject + to be + being + Verb3

Example :

She is drinking a glass of milk [active]

A glass of milk is being drunk by her [passive]

3. Passive Voice [Present Perfect Tense]

-Pattern = Subject + have/has + been + Verb3

Example :

We have done our homework [active]

Our homework have been done by us [passive]

4. Passive Voice [Simple Past Tense]

-Pattern = Subject + to be (was – were) + Verb 2

Example :

I swept the floor yesterday [active]

The florr was swept by me [passive]

5. Passive Voice [Past Continous Tense]

-Pattern = Subject + to be (was – were) + Verb3

Example :

We were typing a letter [active]

A letter was been typed by us [passive]

6. Passie Voice [Past Perfect Tense]

-Pattern = Subject + had + been + Verb3

Example :

He had done his homework [active]

His homework had been done by him [passive]

7. Passie Voice [Simple Future Tense]

-Pattern = Subject + will + be + Verb3

Example :

They will buy a book tomorrow [active]

A book will be bought by them [passive]

8. Passive Voice [Future Continous Tense]

-Pattern = Subject + will be + being + Verb3

Example :

We will be typing a letter [active]

A letter will be being typed by us [passive]

9. Passive Voice [Future Perfect Tense]

-Pattern = Subject + will have + been + Verb3

Example :

He will have done his homework [active]

His homework will have been done by him [passive]

Example active - Passive

1.       Active : He meets them everyday.
Passive : They are met by him everyday.

2.      Active : She waters this plant every two days.
Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.

3.      Active : He met them yesterday
Passive : They were met by him yesterday

4.      Active : She watered this plant this morning
Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning

5.      Active : He has met them
Passive : They have been met by him
Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minute

6.      Active : He had met them before I came.
Passive : They had been met by him before I came.

7.      Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here

8.      Active : Harry ate six shrimp at dinner

Passive : At dinner, six shrimp were eaten by Harry

9.      Active : Beautiful giraffes roam the savannah

Passive : The savannah is roamed by beautiful giraffes

10.  Active : We are going to watch a movie tonight

Passive : A movie is going to be watched by us tonigh

Example Passive – Active

1.      Passive : Is it liked by the boy

Active   : Does the boy like it?

2.      Passive  : You can be helped by us

Active    : We can help you

3.      Passive  : The terrorist was shot by the army

Active     : The army shot the terrorist

4.      Passive   : The umbrella is being took by Rizki

Active     : Rizki is taking the umbrella

5.      Passive   : A necklace was bought by Rina

Active     : Rina bought a necklace

6.      Passive   : Some flowers are being bought by Evan for his girlfriend

Active     : Evan is buying some flowers for his girlfriend

7.      Passive   : The hall is being decorated by us

Active     : We are decorating the hall

8.      Passive   : A safety video will be watched by the staff every year

Active     : The staff is required to watch a safety video every year.

9.      Passive   : That piece is really enjoyed by the choir

Active     : The choir really enjoys that piece

10.  Passive   : The students’ questions are always answered by the teacher

Active     : The teacher always answers the students’ questions

Blog at WordPress.com. | The Matala Th

https://alwaysfriend.wordpress.com/rumus-passive-voice/

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/activepassive.html

https://sarahnurmalaa.wordpress.com/2013/09/28/contoh-kalimat-passive-and-active-voice/

My Hobby

                                                              MY HOBBY

This time I'll tell you about my hobbies, my name Izmi istiana. When talking about hobbies, hobby I liked it a lot, for example culinary, treveling listen to music, read funny stories and I have a hobby karokean too bad though my voice.

           My first hobby is mendengerkan music, do not know why that Abis degerin music tastes hlang tuh all loads that are stacked. Usually the best time to listen to music that is cool for at bedtime or again on the road, or if another bete work on the task. I also like to listen to music if my heart again is not good berasanya so there are entertaining. I love pop music flow.

And besides I have karokean hobby, although I realize that my voice is not good. I love to sing because I sing it plain ngilangin stress or fatigue after activity and regular mereafers mind. The song that I sing anyway standard course, usually songs that again ngehits or pop song or a song upset when I'm sad mood because of bias and bias sedkit entertaining carried away. Because me and my friend and partner loves the name karokean so we mempuntai hooby same.

Aside from the above hobby I also like to read short stories and novels, but I like to read stories that there are elements of comedy, as usual makes me laugh myself. Sebanarnya I do not really like to read, but if there is a short story or a novel that I am interested comedic elements.

In addition I have hooby Traveling. Traveling is a hobby that is very exciting, it's sure to be approved by us-we adherents traveling as a hobby. I think traveling is one release routines / fatigue in daily activities. No need expensive / luxury to be able to enjoy a holiday, because the most important thing in my opinion is a sense of family, gathered together a good family, friends mapun friend. Holiday / traveling do not need an expensive merogok pocket, enough with money potluck we can enjoy quite a pleasant holiday. Many places I want to travel or visit. However, it costs quite a lot. I also like the name of history. Especially if there is a school holiday I like to walk with high school friends and family to the old town (Kotu) and the monument. Even once was in school there was activity study tour in London and it is the first experience just look histories there, such as the Cave of Japan and the Netherlands, the Geological Museum, Museum of Science and Technology. Geological museum which tells a lot about the fossils and the formation of the earth. Science and Technology Museum tells the advancement of technology, scientific knowledge, science and even there is a clock that is used by solar energy where we can see the shadow of the sun light. Cave of Japan and the Netherlands is a relic of history that need to be considered by the government. Where there are very many ecosystems seta rare plants that grow on the kawsan. Many tourists who visit the place. Beautiful atmosphere, cool and the sound of dripping water waterfall waterfall. Upon entering the cave friend makes Buluk raising goose bumps because the atmosphere is dark there and a lot of bats living. It turned out by the Dutch and the Japanese people of Indonesia, many of which peonage to make waterways. And many Indonesian people were killed over the Dutch and the Japanese atrocities. Some remnants is in her room like a small cave and there is still a place of ammunition / armory at that time and the railway to transport goods. The cave is also a headquarters / fort while the war in Bandung area. This is partly kcil mngkin I remember when a trip to the ancient historic sites that are cruel times because the Indonesian people forcibly work. And visited temples in Yogyakarta is Borobudur temple, there are also nice for us who hooby streets. And many of learning and history.

Entertainment not only by pleasure or to places of entertainment / leisure by visiting the remains of the struggle / museum was also merupaka one of satisfaction and pleasure in itself. Pleased to science can be. So walk while learning it is very important also for us than we like a lot of science also in the can. And we derive the well that in Indonesia is very bangus and wonderful histories in our beloved country.

Hooby so I like, more or less I apologize if there are words in addressing all of my friends. Thank You    

bab 14 kasus kasus

BAB 14

KASUS-KASUS

a.     Kasus BUMN

 Badan Usaha Milik Negara atau BUMN merupakan suatu unit usaha yang sebagian besar atau seluruh modal berasal dari kekayaan negara yang dipisahkan serta membuat suatu produk atau jasa yang sebesar-besarnya untuk kemakmuran rakyat. BUMN juga sebagai salah satu sumber penerimaan keuangan Negara Ada 4 Jenis BUMN yaitu :

1.      Perusahaan Perseroan

Perusahaan persero adalah BUMN yang berbentuk perseroan terbatas (PT) yang modal/sahamnya paling sedikit 51% dimiliki oleh pemerintah, yang tujuannya mengejar keuntungan. Maksud dan tujuan mendirikan persero ialah untuk menyediakan barang dan atau jasa yang bermutu tinggi dan berdaya saing kuat dan mengejar keuntungan untuk meningkatkan nilai perusahaan. Contoh Perusahaan Persero :  PT Jasamarga, Bank BNI, PT Asuransi Jiwasraya, PT PLN dan sebagainya . Sementara itu yang menjadi kasus BUMN Persero di Indonesia adalah PT. PP (Pembangunan Perumahan),PT Bank BNI Tbk, PT Kimia Farma Tbk, PT Indo Farma Tbk, PT Tambang Timah Tbk, PT Indosat Tbk (pada akhir tahun 2002 41,94% saham Persero ini telah dijual kepada Swasta sehingga perusahaan ini bukan BUMN lagi), dan PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk,Pt.Garuda Indonesia Airways(GIA).

2.       Perusahaan Jawatan (Perjan)

Perusahaan Jawatan (perjan) sebagai salah satu bentuk BUMN memiliki modal yang berasal dari negara. Besarnya modal Perusahaan Jawatan ditetapkan melalui APBN.  Contoh perubahan Jawatan : Perusahaan jawatan kereta api(PJKA), bernaung di bawah Departemen Perhubungan. Sejak tahun 1991 Perusahaan Jawatan Kereta Api (PJKA) berubah menjadi Perusahaan Umum Kereta Api (PERUMKA) berubah menjadi Perusahaan Negara Kereta Api (PENKA),dan yang terakhir berubah nama menjadi PT.Kereta Api Indonesia (PT.KAI).

3.       Perusahaan Umum (Perum)

Perusahaan Umum(PERUM) adalah suatu perusahaan negara yang bertujuan untuk melayani kepentingan umum,tetapi sekaligus mencari keuntungan. Contoh : Perum Pegadaian, Perum Jasatirta, Perum DAMRI, Perum ANTARA,Perum Peruri,Perum Perumnas,Perum Balai Pustaka.

4.       Badan Usaha Milik Daerah (BUMD)

Badan Usaha Milik Daerah yaitu perusahaan yang didirikan dan dimilki oleh pemerintah daerah . Kewenangan pemerintah daerah membentuk dan mengelola BUMN ditegaskan dalam peraturan pemerintah no.25  tahun 2000 tentang kewengan pemerintah dan kewenangan provinsi sebagai daerah otonom . 

Contoh : Bank Daerah, Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM), Perusahaan Daerag Angkutan Kota .

http://www.aktual.co/politik/150717bakn-ungkap-510-kasus-penyimpangan-bumn

b.      Kasus Merger

 Merger Bank Danamon

Danamon yang merupakan contoh kasus merger kedua, didirikan pada tahun 1956 dengan nama Bank Kopra Indonesia. Nama ini kemudian berubah menjadi PT Bank Danamon Indonesia pada tahun 1976 sampai sekarang. Pada tahun 1988, Danamon menjadi bank devisa dan setahun kemudian adalah publik yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Jakarta.
Sebagai akibat dari krisis keuangan Asia di tahun 1998, pengelolaan Danamon dialihkan di bawah pengawasan Badan Penyehatan Perbankan Nasional (BPPN) sebagai BTO (Bank Taken Over). Di tahun 1999, Pemerintah Indonesia melalui BPPN, melakukan rekapitalisasi sebesar Rp32,2 triliun dalam bentuk obligasi pemerintah. Sebagai bagian dari program estrukturisasi, di tahun yang sama PT Bank PDFCI, sebuah BTO yang lain, melakukan merger yang kemudian mengubah nama menjadi bagian dari Danamon. Kemudian di tahun 2000, delapan BTO lainnya (Bank Tiara, PT Bank Duta Tbk, PT Bank Rama Tbk, PT Bank Tamara Tbk, PT Bank Nusa Nasional Tbk, PT Bank Pos Nusantara, PT Jayabank International dan PT Bank Risjad Salim Internasional) dilebur ke dalam Danamon. Sebagai bagian dari paket merger tersebut, Danamon menerima program rekapitalisasinya yang ke dua dari Pemerintah melalui injeksi modal sebesar Rp 28,9 triliun. Sebagai surviving entity, Danamon bangkit menjadi salah satu bank swasta terbesar di Indonesia.

 https://plus.google.com/117223890461430263589

c.       Kasus Akuisisi

Akuisisi adalah pembelian suatu perusahaan oleh perusahaan lain atau oleh kelompok investor, untuk menjaga ketersediaan pasokan bahan baku atau jaminan produk akan diserap oleh pasar.

       Aqua yang diakuisisi Danone.

Contoh dari kasus akuisisi adalah Aqua yang merupakan produsen air minum dalam kemasan terbesar di Indonesia. Dimana merek Aqua sudah identik dengan air minum. Dimana ketika seseorang hendak membeli air minum. Mereka lebih cenderung mengatakan Aqua meskipun sebenarnya mereknya berbeda. Aqua adalah sebuah merek air minum dalam kemasan (AMDK) yang diproduksi oleh Aqua Golden Mississipi di Indonesia sejak tahun 1973. Selain di Indonesia, Aqua juga dijual di Singapura. Aqua adalah merek AMDK dengan penjualan terbesar di Indonesia dan merupakan salah satu merek AMDK yang paling terkenal di Indonesia, sehingga telah menjadi seperti merek generik untuk AMDK. Di Indonesia, terdapat 14 pabrik yang memproduksi Aqua. Pada tahun 1998, karena ketatnya persaingan dan munculnya pesaing-pesaing baru, Lisa Tirto sebagai pemilik Aqua Golden Mississipi sepeninggal ayahnya Tirto Utomo, menjual sahamnya kepada Danone pada 4 September 1998. Akusisi tersebut dianggap tepat setelah beberapa cara pengembangan tidak cukup kuat menyelamatkan Aqua dari ancaman pesaing baru. Langkah ini berdampak pada peningkatan kualitas produk dan menempatkan AQUA sebagai produsen air mineral dalam kemasan (AMDK) yang terbesar di Indonesia. Pada tahun 2000, bertepatan dengan pergantian milenium, Aqua meluncurkan produk berlabel Danone-Aqua. Pasca Akuisisi DANONE meningkatkan kepemilikan saham di PT Tirta Investama dari 40 % menjadi 74 %, sehingga Danone kemudian menjadi pemegang saham mayoritas Aqua Group.

http://www.blogger.com/profile/05489826705596377782

d.      Kasus Tender

Beberapa Kasus Persekongkolan Dalam Tender di Indonesia yang telah Diputuskan olehKPPU.
Dalam pembahasan ini akan dikemukakan dua kasus berbeda yang telah diputus oleh KPPU dengan keputusan yang berbeda, kasus pertama dikemukakan karena menurut KPPU tindakan tersebut merupakan persekongkolan dan telah melanggar Pasal 22 Undang-undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999, sedangkan kasus kedua dinyatakan oleh KPPU tidak terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan melanggar Pasal 22 Undang-undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999. Dengan dikemukakannya kedua kasus tersebut diharapkan dapat menjadi gambaran untuk studi kasus betapa dalam memutuskan suatu permasalahan persekongkolan dalam tender memerlukan pembuktian dan proses yang sangat rumit (complicated) dan kompleks.

1.PutusanKPPUNo.01/KPPU-L/2001:
Kasus Tender Pipanisasi di Sumatera oleh PT. Caltex Pacific Indonesia.Kasus ini bermula dari suatu laporan yang diterima oleh KPPU pada tanggal 30 Juni 2000 dalam bentuk sebuah surat tertanggal 5 April 2000, yang pada intinya adalah melaporkan bahwa telah terjadi pelanggaran asas keadilan dan kesetaraan dalam pelaksanaan tender yang dilakukan oleh PT. Caltex Pasific Indonesia. Kemudian pada tanggal 14 September 2000, KPPU kembali menerima laporan dalam bentuk sebuah surat tertanggal 13 September 2000, yang berisi pernyataan bahwa PT. Caltex Pasific Indonesia telah menyelenggarakan tender yang hanya dapat diikuti oleh beberapa gelintir rekanan saja, dan rekanan yang lain tidak dapat menikmati.[17]

Pengaduan ke KPPU tentang PT. Caltex Pasific Indonesia itu sendiri datang dari pengusaha-pengusaha kelas kecil dan menengah. Menurut pengaduan mereka, dalam melakukan tender pipanisasi di Sumatera, PT. Caltex Pasific Indonesia melakukannya dengan sistem paket yang mengakibatkan perusahaan-perusahaan kecil dan menengah tidak dapat ikut dalam tender tersebut.

Rencana tender dari PT. Caltex Pasific Indonesia ini dianggap tidak wajar bagi peserta (bidders) yang lain dan tidak memenuhi kriteria dari asas keadilan dan kesetaraan. Rencana tender tersebut memiliki ketentuan-ketentuan dan persyaratan-persyaratan yang tidak lazim seperti yang dipakai dan cenderung untuk mengarahkan kepada pemasok tertentu.Peserta tender hanya empat bidders, yaitu PT. Purna Bina Nusa yang memiliki